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The Old Gospel,
JI Packer
(From his introduction to
The Death of Death in the Death of Christ by John Owen)
The preacher's task… is to
display Christ: to explain man's need of Him, His sufficiency to save, and His
offer of Himself in the promises as Saviour to all who truly turn to Him; and to
show as fully and plainly as he can how these truths apply to the congregation
before him. It is not for him to say, nor for his hearers to ask, for whom
Christ died in particular. "There is none called on by the gospel once to
enquire after the purpose and intention of God concerning the particular object
of the death of Christ, every one being fully assured that His death shall be
profitable to them that believe in Him and obey Him." After saving faith has
been exercised, "it lies on a believer to assure his soul, according as he find
the fruit of the death of Christ in him and towards him, of the good–will and
eternal love of God to him in sending His Son to die for him in particular";
but not before. The task to which the
gospel calls him is simply to exercise faith, which he is both warranted and
obliged to do by God's command and promise.
Some
comments on this conception of what preaching the gospel means are in order.
First,
we should observe that the old gospel of Owen contains no less full and free an
offer of salvation than its modern counterpart. It presents ample grounds of
faith (the sufficiency of Christ, and the promise of God), and cogent motives to
faith (the sinner's need, and the Creator's command, which is also the
Redeemer's invitation). The new gospel gains nothing here by asserting universal
redemption. The old gospel, certainly, has no room for the cheap
sentimentalizing which turns God's free mercy to sinners into a constitutional
soft–heartedness on His part which we can take for granted; nor will it
countenance the degrading presentation of Christ as the baffled Saviour, balked
in what He hoped to do by human unbelief; nor will it indulge in maudlin appeals
to the unconverted to let Christ save them out of pity for His disappointment.
The pitiable Saviour and the pathetic God of modern pulpits are unknown to the
old gospel. The old gospel tells men that they need God, but not that God needs
them (a modern falsehood); it does not exhort them to pity Christ, but announces
that Christ has pitied them, though pity was the last thing they deserved. It
never loses sight of the Divine Majesty and sovereign power of the Christ Whom
it proclaims, but rejects flatly all representations of Him which would obscure
His free omnipotence. Does this mean, however, that the preacher of the old
gospel is inhibited or confined in offering Christ to men and inviting them to
receive Him? Not at all. In actual fact, just because he recognizes that Divine
mercy is sovereign and free, he is in a position to make far more of the offer
of Christ in his preaching than is the expositor of the new gospel; for this
offer is itself a far more wonderful thing on his principles than it can ever be
in the eyes of those who regard love to all sinners as a necessity of God's
nature, and therefore a matter of course. To think that the holy Creator, who
never needed man for His happiness and might justly have banished our fallen
race for ever without mercy, should actually have chosen to redeem some of them!
and that His own Son was willing to undergo death and descend into hell to save
them! and that now from His Throne He should speak to ungodly men as He does in
the words of the gospel, urging upon them the command to repent and believe in
the form of a compassionate invitation to pity themselves and choose life! These
thoughts are the focal points round which the preaching of the old gospel
revolves. It is all wonderful, just because none of it can be taken for granted.
But perhaps the most wonderful thing of all––the holiest spot in all the holy
ground of gospel truth––is the free invitation which "the Lord Christ" (as Owen
loves to call Him) issues repeatedly to guilty sinners to come to Him and find
rest for their souls. It is the glory of these invitations that it is an
omnipotent King Who gives them, just as it is a chief part of the glory of the
enthroned Christ that He condescends still to utter them. And it is the glory of
the gospel ministry that the preacher goes to men as Christ's ambassador,
charged to deliver the King's invitation personally to every sinner present and
to summon them all to turn and live. Owen himself enlarges on this in a passage
addressed to the unconverted.
"Consider
the infinite condescension and love of Christ, in His invitations and calls of
you to come unto Him for life, deliverance, mercy, grace, peace and eternal
salvation. Multitudes of these invitations and calls are recorded in the
Scripture, and they are all of them filled up with those blessed encouragements
which divine wisdom knows to be suited unto lost, convinced sinners . . . In the
declaration and preaching of them, Jesus Christ yet stands before sinners,
calling, inviting, encouraging them to come unto Him.
"This is
somewhat of the word which He now speaks unto you: Why will ye die? why will ye
perish? why will ye not have compassion on your own souls? Can your hearts
endure, or can your hands be strong, in the day of wrath that is approaching?...
Look unto Me, and be saved; come unto Me, and I will ease you of all sins,
sorrows, fears, burdens, and give rest unto your souls. Come, I entreat you; lay
aside all procrastinations, all delays; put Me off no more; eternity lies at the
door... do not so hate Me as that you will rather perish than accept of
deliverance by Me.
"These and
the like things doth the Lord Christ continually declare, proclaim, plead and
urge upon the souls of sinners . . He doth it in the preaching of the word, as
if he were present with you, stood amongst you, and spake personally to every
one of you . . . He hath appointed, the ministers of the gospel to appear before
you, and to deal with you in His stead, avowing as His own the invitations which
are given you in His name, 2 Cor. v.19,20."
These
invitations are universal; Christ addresses them to sinners as such, and every
man, as he believes God to be true, is bound to treat them as God's words to him
personally and to accept the universal assurance which accompanies them, that
all who come to Christ will be received. Again, these invitations are real;
Christ genuinely offers Himself to all who hear the gospel, and is in truth a
perfect Saviour to all who trust Him. The question of the extent of the
atonement does not arise in evangelistic preaching; the message to be delivered
is simply this-that Christ Jesus, the sovereign Lord, Who died for sinners, now
invites sinners freely to Himself. God commands all to repent and believe;
Christ promises life and peace to all who do so. Furthermore, these invitations
are marvelously gracious; men despise and reject them, and are never in any case
worthy of them, and yet Christ still issues them. He need not, but He does.
"Come unto Me . . . and I will give you rest" remains His word to the world,
never cancelled, always to be preached. He Whose death has ensured the salvation
of all His people is to be proclaimed everywhere as a perfect Saviour, and all
men invited and urged to believe on Him, whoever they are, whatever they have
been. Upon these three insights the evangelism of the old gospel is based.
It is a very
ill–informed supposition that evangelistic preaching which proceeds on these
principles must be anemic and half–hearted by comparison with what Arminians can
do. Those who study the printed sermons of worthy expositors of the old gospel,
such as Bunyan (whose preaching Owen himself much admired), or Whitefield, or
Spurgeon, will find that in fact they hold forth the Saviour and summon sinners
to Him with a fullness, warmth, intensity and moving force unmatched in
Protestant pulpit literature. And it will be found on analysis that the very
thing which gave their preaching its unique power to overwhelm their audiences
with broken–hearted joy at the riches of God's grace––and still gives it that
power, let it be said, even with hard-boiled modern readers––was their
insistence on the fact that grace is free. They knew that the dimensions of
Divine love are not half understood till one realizes that God need not have
chosen to save nor given His Son to die; nor need Christ have taken upon Him
vicarious damnation to redeem men, nor need He invite sinners indiscriminately
to Himself as He does; but that all God's gracious dealings spring entirely from
His own free purpose. Knowing this, they stressed it, and it is this stress that
sets their evangelistic preaching in a class by itself. Other Evangelicals,
possessed of a more superficial and less adequate theology of grace, have laid
the main emphasis in their gospel preaching on the sinner's need of forgiveness,
or peace, or power, and of the way to get them by "deciding for Christ." It is
not to be denied that their preaching has done good (for God will use His truth,
even when imperfectly held and mixed with error), although this type of
evangelism is always open to the criticism of being too man–centred and
pietistic; but it has been left (necessarily) to Calvinists and those who, like
the Wesleys, fall into Calvinistic ways of thought as soon as they begin a
sermon to the unconverted, to preach the gospel in a way which highlights above
everything else the free love, willing condescension, patient long–suffering and
infinite kindness of the Lord Jesus Christ. And, without doubt, this is the most
Scriptural and edifying way to preach it; for gospel invitations to sinners
never honour God and exalt Christ more, nor are more powerful to awaken and
confirm faith, than when full weight is laid on the free omnipotence of the
mercy from which they flow. It looks, indeed, as if the preachers of the old
gospel are the only people whose position allows them to do justice to the
revelation of Divine goodness in the free offer of Christ to sinners.
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